Statistics

• Usually a personal computer that is infected by malicious software to become part of a botnet. Once infected, the malicious software usually hides itself, and stealthily connects to the Command & Control Server to get intrusions from the hackers.

Potential Impacts

• Computers may be commanded to perform other hacking or criminal activities
• Computer owner’s personal and financial data may be stolen which may lead to financial loss
• Commands from hackers may lead to other malicious activities, e.g. spreading malicious software or launching DDoS attacks

• The spoofing of a legitimate website for fraudulent purposes

Potential impacts

• Personal information or account credentials of visitors may be stolen, potentially leading to financial losses
• Original content may be inaccessible
• Reputation of the website owner may be damaged
• Server may be further compromised to perform other attacks

• Malware is a general terminology and some common types of malware are viruses, ransomware, worms, Trojan horse, spyware and adware

Potential impacts

• Confidential information may be stolen
• Computer files may be locked up and inaccessible
• System data and software may be damaged
• Computer system and network may be disrupted or disabled

• Unauthorised alteration of the content of a legitimate website using any hacking methods

Potential Impacts

• The integrity of the website content is being damaged
• Original content may be inaccessible
• Reputation of the website owner may be damaged
• Other information stored/processed on the server may be further compromised by hackers to perform other attacks

• Multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system

Potential Impacts

• Targeted system may be unavailable for its intended users
• Reputation of the system owner may be damaged
• System owner may be being extorted to pay a ransom in order to stop being attacked

Including identity theft, information leakage, unauthorised access, vulnerable system, etc